Detailed definition
Minoxidil was developed as an oral antihypertensive but the side effect of unwanted hair growth led to topical formulations for androgenetic alopecia. Topical 2% and 5% minoxidil are FDA-approved for female pattern hair loss; the 5% strength has stronger evidence and similar side effect profile in women. Mechanism likely involves potassium channel opening and increased follicular blood flow, with extension of the anagen (growth) phase. Effects take 3–6 months to become visible. Oral low-dose minoxidil (1–5 mg daily) has emerged as an off-label dermatology option with growing evidence for efficacy and reasonable tolerability. Side effects include hypertrichosis (unwanted body hair growth), and for oral, possible cardiovascular effects requiring blood pressure monitoring.
Why it matters in menopause
For midlife women with female pattern hair loss, minoxidil is one of the few evidence-based treatments. It is not a menopause-specific drug but is highly relevant to a common menopause-adjacent complaint.
Related terms
Sources
External references: Wikipedia.