Detailed definition
Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function with aging. It begins around age 30, accelerates after age 50, and is amplified in women by menopausal estrogen withdrawal, which directly affects muscle protein synthesis. Untreated sarcopenia contributes to lower resting metabolic rate, reduced physical capacity, increased fall and fracture risk, and metabolic dysfunction. Diagnosis combines low muscle mass (by DEXA or bioimpedance), low strength (grip strength or chair-rise time), and reduced function (gait speed). Treatment is largely non-pharmacologic: resistance training 2–3 times weekly is the highest-yield intervention; adequate protein intake (1.0–1.6 g/kg/day, distributed across meals); vitamin D adequacy; and treating underlying conditions. HRT may modestly support muscle preservation, particularly when started in the timing window. There are no widely-approved pharmacologic treatments specifically for sarcopenia.
Why it matters in menopause
Resistance training is the single most evidence-supported intervention for both menopausal weight management and long-term metabolic and bone health. Two days a week of meaningful resistance training, plus protein at every meal, has more measurable impact on midlife body composition than any specific dietary fad.
Related terms
Sources
External references: Wikipedia.